Promovendo a cidadania em estádio de futebol: estudo de bilheteria acessível
Resumo
RESUMO
Estádios esportivos são espaços públicos de lazer e cultura. Garantir amplo acesso a estes espaços, é promover cidadania e inclusão. Este artigo apresenta uma proposta de bilheteria acessível e diretrizes projetuais para futuros projetos de bilheterias, desenvolvida a partir da avaliação das condições de acessibilidade do estádio Orlando Scarpelli.
Acessibilidade Espacial, Bilheteria, Pessoas com deficiência
TITLE: Promoting citizenship in soccer stadium: study of accessible ticket office
ABSTRACT
1Context
The name "World Cup" denounces the intercontinental coverage of the event. This demonstrates the importance of access and unrestricted participation of all individuals, regardless of their abilities or limitations. Focused on the analysis and qualification of accessibility at the ticket office of soccer stadiums, this article comes from a larger survey, conducted between March and June 2013, in Orlando Scarpelli Stadium, headquarters of Figueirense FC, eldest of Florianopolis, opened in 1960. With a service capacity for 19.584 people, the stadium is located in a predominantly residential neighborhood, with non-compatible access roads to the presence of an equipment of such importance. Excluding the external accesses, government's responsibility, the stadium sidewalk and the ticket office make up the first access door of the public to the games, justifying the choice of theme of this article. In the study are presented not only the problems encountered, but design solutions and guidelines for accessible ticket office, taking into account the public`s needs of Orlando Scarpelli and contributing to future projects of this nature. 2 Method
The methodological approach adopted was the multimethods application that mutually complemented each other, as: bibliographic and documentary research, exploratory visits with dimensional architectural and photographic surveys, semi-structured interview and accompanied walks. The bibliographic research provides a view expansion of current concepts of accessibility and inclusion, supporting the implementation of the procedures performed in the study. Among the main concepts used, it should be highlighted the understanding of spatial accessibility, the components and the understanding of what is disability and restriction. Spatial accessibility, according to Dischinger, Bins Ely and Piardi (2012) is more than be able to achieve a desired place, presupposes the individual's participation in the activities that occurs in space, with safety, comfort and independence. I this same work, the authors also define the components of accessibility, as: spatial orientation, communication, displacement and use, as well as the concept of restriction, characterized as the product of the relationship between the physiological condition of the individual and the environment in which it establishes. Eugenia Favero (2004) describes disability as a significant limitation of the individual, that cannot be confused with incapacity. In others words, disability is an intrinsic characteristic of the person, that comes up when she faces or not difficulties in the experience the environment and their activities. The interviews aimed to obtain information about the measures already adopted, as well as the foreseen, associated to accessibility in Orlando Scarpelli soccer stadium. The attention was drawn, in particular, to those relating to the purchase of tickets. For this, we interviewed two users and a representative of the Club. According to Bins Ely et al. (2002), the Accompanied Walk consist of visits realized by researchers at the study site, in companion of a guest with a disability or with any relevant characteristic for research. The trajectory that both will range is previously defined. The activities pertinent to user participation are supervised by staff, without driving or help the guest, aiming to gain knowledge about the way in which it appropriates of the space and it participates. Two tours were conducted, with guests from different profiles, on days and times when there were no games.
3 Results
Overlapping the methods, the results emerged were synthesized, following the organizational basis of the classification of the accessibility components (DISCHINGER, BINS ELY and PIARDI, 2012). The positive aspects, relating to the spatial orientation component, were: the club identification and the sectors indication, through its coat of arms and large dimensions signboards at strategic points. The negative aspects found, also were correlated to components and motivated the formulation of proposals. Concerning the spatial orientation, the main problems were: text in hollow letters and low contrast against the background, lack of preferential attendance indication, absence of tactile floor, visual signaling steps and tactile maps or mockup with description of the spaces. Related to communication, the greatest difficulties raised were: the small opening of ticket office window, deployed in places where sunshine can encumber lip-reading; inexistence of assistive technology and / or signs language interpreter, embossed text/ Braille and visual and tactile information on matches. Regarding to displacement, guardrails that prevent wheelchair’s maneuvers, floors irregularities, unevenness between floor and ticket office, no approaching area near to the ticket office window, and waiting queue that cause obstructions in circulations, are relevant negative aspects. Finally, apropos of use, the negative points that most stood out were: the height of ticket office window - inadequate for people in wheelchairs or short stature, absence of preferential attendance and no approaching area near to the ticket office window. The latter problem, beyond to affecting the movement, also affect use. From research to improve the accessibility conditions at the ticket office stadium, a study of accessible ticket office had been elaborated. The proposition is constituted by 15 indications by specification or projective directions, related to the spatial accessibility components (DISCHINGER, ELY and PIARDI BINS, 2012), as exposed in this article. These statements relate to: the visual identity of the club and its signaling, actions related to the facilitation of spatial orientation for people with different abilities and limitations, improvement of communication capabilities and benefactors connected to displacement and safe use. Each item is presented in the text and images related to the project. The relation between the parties is strongly reinforced by presenting an overall project picture, summarizing the proposal and relating the different aspects in a corresponding table.
4 Conclusions
The Orlando Scarpelli Stadium, quite old, its project wasn't designed according to the current view of accessibility. Although the specific reforms in this direction have been observed, the stadium is in need of a global intervention that ensure the comprehensive public’s participation. The focus of accessibility is social inclusion. Which depends of complex factors: cultural, socioeconomic and political aspects. Is linked to access to information and the movement of come and go, once, allows the access and effective participation of the individual in the environment, enables social interaction and, consequently, citizenship. This article fetched to apply the theoretical knowledge to projetual practice, since its conception, permeating the whole process that led to the solutions presented. Aims to correct the problems raised by answering the needs of: spatial orientation, communication, displacement and use- spatial accessibility components – of ticket office in soccer stadiums. The solutions search prioritized comfort, independence and security in order to guarantee citizenship, since the "absence of spatial accessibility makes impracticable the effective implementation of inclusion." (BINS ELY; DISCHINGER, 2001, p. 10).The discussion of ways that promote accessibility, particularly about the soccer stadiums ticket office, does not end with the study and the solutions proposed in this article. This work points out gaps to be deepened in future studies, such as legal issues. Although, many aspects of the current regulations, NBR9050 / 2004 is correct, falls short in so many others. Analyzed in the light of the knowledge acquired in this study, Article 9, correspondent to ticket office, needs more specifications of prescriptive character, aiming to qualify these spaces. To conclude, we also make suggestions on improving this topic, which is one of the legal aspects that require attention and can help to further citizenship in the celebration and participation in sport. As shown by Milton Santos: "Citizenship is a law of society that, without any discrimination, affects everyone (SANTOS, 1983, p.7 and 8). For the author, there is no effective citizenship if accessibility does not exist or is limited.
Space Accessibility, Ticket Office, People with disabilities
